# chardet

Universal character encoding detector.

[![License: 0BSD](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-0BSD-blue.svg)](LICENSE)
[![Documentation](https://readthedocs.org/projects/chardet/badge/?version=latest)](https://chardet.readthedocs.io)
[![codecov](https://codecov.io/github/chardet/chardet/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=m5ZQrMd3vk)](https://codecov.io/github/chardet/chardet)

chardet 7 is a ground-up, 0BSD-licensed rewrite of [chardet](https://github.com/chardet/chardet).
Same package name, same public API — drop-in replacement for chardet 5.x/6.x, just much faster and more accurate.
Python 3.10+, zero runtime dependencies, works on PyPy.

[Read more details about the rewrite process.](https://dan-blanchard.github.io/blog/chardet-rewrite-controversy/)

## Why chardet 7?

**99.3% accuracy** on 2,517 test files. **47x faster** than chardet 6.0.0
and **1.5x faster** than charset-normalizer 3.4.6. **Language detection** for
every result. **MIME type detection** for binary files. **0BSD licensed.**

|                        | chardet 7.4.0 (mypyc) | chardet 6.0.0 | [charset-normalizer] 3.4.6 |
| ---------------------- | :--------------------: | :-----------: | :-------------------------: |
| Accuracy (2,517 files) |       **99.3%**        |     88.2%     |            85.4%            |
| Speed                  |    **551 files/s**     |  12 files/s   |         376 files/s         |
| Language detection     |       **95.7%**        |     40.0%     |            59.2%            |
| Peak memory            |     **52.9 MiB**       |   29.5 MiB    |          78.8 MiB           |
| Streaming detection    |        **yes**         |      yes      |             no              |
| Encoding era filtering |        **yes**         |      no       |             no              |
| Encoding filters       |        **yes**         |      no       |             yes             |
| MIME type detection    |        **yes**         |      no       |             no              |
| Supported encodings    |          99            |      84       |             99              |
| License                |          0BSD          |     LGPL      |            MIT              |

[charset-normalizer]: https://github.com/jawah/charset_normalizer

## Installation

```bash
pip install chardet
```

## Quick Start

```python
import chardet

chardet.detect(b"Python is a great programming language for beginners and experts alike.")
# {'encoding': 'ascii', 'confidence': 1.0, 'language': 'en', 'mime_type': 'text/plain'}

# UTF-8 English with accented characters
chardet.detect("The naïve approach doesn't always work in complex systems.".encode("utf-8"))
# {'encoding': 'utf-8', 'confidence': 0.84, 'language': 'en', 'mime_type': 'text/plain'}

# Japanese EUC-JP
chardet.detect("日本語の文字コード検出テストです。このテキストはEUC-JPでエンコードされています。正しく検出できるか確認します。".encode("euc-jp"))
# {'encoding': 'EUC-JP', 'confidence': 1.0, 'language': 'ja', 'mime_type': 'text/plain'}

# Get all candidate encodings ranked by confidence
text = "Le café est une boisson très populaire en France et dans le monde entier."
results = chardet.detect_all(text.encode("windows-1252"))
for r in results[:4]:
    print(r["encoding"], round(r["confidence"], 2))
# Windows-1252 0.32
# iso8859-15 0.32
# ISO-8859-1 0.32
# MacRoman 0.31
```

### Streaming Detection

For large files or network streams, use `UniversalDetector` to feed data incrementally:

```python
from chardet import UniversalDetector

detector = UniversalDetector()
with open("unknown.txt", "rb") as f:
    for line in f:
        detector.feed(line)
        if detector.done:
            break
result = detector.close()
print(result)
```

### Encoding Era Filtering

Restrict detection to specific encoding eras to reduce false positives:

```python
from chardet import detect_all
from chardet.enums import EncodingEra

data = "Москва является столицей Российской Федерации и крупнейшим городом страны.".encode("windows-1251")

# All encoding eras are considered by default — 4 candidates across eras
for r in detect_all(data):
    print(r["encoding"], round(r["confidence"], 2))
# Windows-1251 0.46
# MacCyrillic 0.42
# KZ1048 0.2
# ptcp154 0.2

# Restrict to modern web encodings — 1 confident result
for r in detect_all(data, encoding_era=EncodingEra.MODERN_WEB):
    print(r["encoding"], round(r["confidence"], 2))
# Windows-1251 0.46
```

### Encoding Filters

Restrict detection to specific encodings, or exclude encodings you don't want:

```python
# Only consider UTF-8 and Windows-1252
chardet.detect(data, include_encodings=["utf-8", "windows-1252"])

# Consider everything except EBCDIC
chardet.detect(data, exclude_encodings=["cp037", "cp500"])
```

## CLI

```bash
chardetect somefile.txt
# somefile.txt: utf-8 with confidence 0.99

chardetect --minimal somefile.txt
# utf-8

# Include detected language
chardetect -l somefile.txt
# somefile.txt: utf-8 en (English) with confidence 0.99

# Only consider specific encodings
chardetect -i utf-8,windows-1252 somefile.txt
# somefile.txt: utf-8 with confidence 0.99

# Pipe from stdin
cat somefile.txt | chardetect
# stdin: utf-8 with confidence 0.99
```

## What's New in chardet 7?

- **0BSD license** (previous versions were LGPL)
- **Ground-up rewrite:** 13-stage detection pipeline using BOM detection, magic number identification, structural probing, byte validity filtering, and bigram statistical models
- **47x faster** than chardet 6.0.0 with mypyc, **1.5x faster** than charset-normalizer 3.4.6
- **99.3% accuracy:** +11.1pp vs chardet 6.0.0, +13.9pp vs charset-normalizer 3.4.6
- **Language detection:** 95.7% accuracy across 49 languages, returned with every result
- **MIME type detection:** identifies 40+ binary file formats (images, audio/video, archives, documents, executables, fonts) via magic number signatures, plus `text/html`, `text/xml`, and `text/x-python` for markup
- **Encoding filters:** `include_encodings` and `exclude_encodings` parameters to restrict or exclude specific encodings from the candidate set
- **99 encodings:** full coverage including EBCDIC, Mac, DOS, and Baltic/Central European families
- **Optional mypyc compilation:** 1.67x additional speedup on CPython
- **Thread-safe:** `detect()` and `detect_all()` are safe to call concurrently; scales on free-threaded Python
- **Same API:** `detect()`, `detect_all()`, `UniversalDetector`, and the `chardetect` CLI all work as before

## Documentation

Full documentation is available at [chardet.readthedocs.io](https://chardet.readthedocs.io).

## Project History

chardet was originally created by [Mark Pilgrim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pilgrim)
in 2006 as a Python port of [Mozilla's universal charset detection library](https://www-archive.mozilla.org/projects/intl/chardet.html).
He released versions 1.0 (2006) and 1.0.1 (2008) on PyPI, then developed
an unreleased Python 3 port (2.0.1) on Google Code. After Mark
[deleted his online accounts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pilgrim#%22Infocide%22)
in 2011, the project was continued by David Cramer, Erik Rose, Toshio Kuratomi,
Ian Cordasco, and Dan Blanchard.

In 2026, Dan Blanchard rewrote chardet using Claude, releasing chardet 7.0
under a new license. All releases after 7 are not derivative of the original
chardet code, but are released under the same name to allow an easier
transition for users who can immediately benefit from the speed and accuracy
improvements. For historical preservation and to allow easier comparison with
the other releases, Dan has restored Mark's lost commits to this repository
in the `history/pilgrim` branch.

To see the full history from 2006 to present in `git log`, fetch the graft
refs:

```
git fetch origin 'refs/replace/*:refs/replace/*'
```

## License

[0BSD](LICENSE)
